This article examines the origins and main stages in the development of the Conference of Catholic Bishops of Central Asia (CCBCA), its structure and composition, geographical representation, principal areas of activity, implemented projects, and interfaith dialogue. The CCBCA is a permanent collegial body of the Roman Catholic Church that unites all Catholic bishops of the region and coordinates their collective work. In this context, Central Asia refers to an extensive territory encompassing Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, and Mongolia. The author draws particular attention to the fact that, although Mongolia is geographically part of East Asia, the Apostolic Prefecture of Ulaanbaatar was included in the new Conference of Central Asia for ecclesiastical and administrative purposes. In addition, Azerbaijan has effectively joined the activities of the conference. Although the South Caucasus is not generally considered part of Central Asia, the Catholic Prefecture of Baku, by decision of the Holy See, also participates in CCBCA plenary sessions. This situation appears to stem both from the similarity of pastoral challenges in Azerbaijan (a Muslim-majority country with a small Catholic community) and the absence of a separate episcopal conference in the Caucasus. As a result, representatives of eight countries now participate in CCBCA meetings (six Central Asian states, together with Mongolia and Azerbaijan). Catholic communities in these countries are relatively small in number, widely dispersed across vast territories, and face similar challenges: a minimal Catholic presence in society, a shortage of clergy, the need to translate liturgical texts into local languages, engagement in dialogue with the Muslim majority, etc. Under these circumstances, the unification of bishops within the CCBCA has made it possible to consolidate resources and efforts and to formulate a shared strategy for evangelization and ecclesial service.