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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ortodox</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Ортодоксия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Orthodoxia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2712-9276</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-2424</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Русская экспертная школа</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.53822/2712-9276-2024-3-80-121</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ortodox-143</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>1829–1839 годы. Внешняя политика России в канун событий 1839 года</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>1829–1839: Russia's Foreign Policy on the Eve of the 1839 Events</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Айрапетов</surname><given-names>О. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Airapetov</surname><given-names>O. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Олег Рудольфович Айрапетов — кандидат исторических наук, доцент, факультет государственного управления </p><p>119991, Москва, Ленинские горы, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oleg R. Airapetov — Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Faculty of Public Administration</p><p>1, Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">oleg_airapetov@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный университет им. М. В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>05</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>80</fpage><lpage>121</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Айрапетов О.Р., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Айрапетов О.Р.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Airapetov O.R.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.journal-orthodoxia.ru/jour/article/view/143">https://www.journal-orthodoxia.ru/jour/article/view/143</self-uri><abstract><p>Преодоление униатского раскола было результатом серьёзных изменений в политике императора Николая I, в начале правления которого не планировалось сколько-нибудь серьёзных перемен в политике на западных окраинах Империи. Петербург следовал традиции диалога с первым сословием, Николай продолжал политику своего предшественника в отношении Царства Польского. Император воспринимал Конституцию 1815 года как часть наследства, короновался в качестве царя (короля) польского и довольно щедро относился к своим польским подданным. Русско-англо-французское сотрудничество в восточном вопросе при решении наболевшей греческой проблемы привело к благоприятным для Петербурга внешнеполитическим условиям перед началом Русско-турецкой войны 1828–1829 годов. Казалось, было покончено с политикой монархической солидарности Священного Союза и удержания status quo Венской системы. Однако революция 1830 года изменила всё. Вместе с Бурбонами надолго исчезла возможность союзных или даже партнёрских отношений с Парижем. После детронизации Романовых, предпринятой сеймом мятежников в январе 1831 года, фактически началась русско-польская война. Её результатом стало очередное крушение польской государственности. Вместе с ней исчезло и доверие императора к польскому дворянству. Вскоре первый египетский кризис 1833 года вновь обострил противоречия среди европейских держав, а в 1836 году впервые за многие годы отношения Петербурга и Лондона оказались на грани настоящей войны. Второй турецко-египетский кризис 1839–1840 годов вновь изменил расклад сил. Наиболее активно поддерживавшая поляков после 1831 года страна — Франция — находилась в изоляции. Вторая католическая держава — Австрия — была союзницей России. Что касается Великобритании, то Лондон, хотя и поддерживал в Италии Папское государство, в религиозной своей политике был весьма далёк от поддержки католицизма в собственных владениях, и прежде всего в Ирландии. Всё это создавало благоприятные условия для проведения реформы 1839 года.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The resolution of the Uniate schism marked a pivotal moment in Emperor Nicholas I's reign. Initially, there were no indications or plans for substantial changes in policies regarding the Empire's western territories. Petersburg adhered to the tradition of dialogue with the first estate, while Nicholas upheld his predecessor's stance towards the Kingdom of Poland. Viewing the Constitution of 1815 as part of his heritage, Nicholas assumed the title of King of Congress Poland and displayed considerable generosity towards his Polish subjects. Russo-BritishFrench collaboration on the Eastern question, particularly in addressing the pressing Greek issue, created favorable external political circumstances for Petersburg before the Russo-Turkish War of 1828–1829. This period seemingly marked the end of the monarchical solidarity of the Holy Alliance and preserved the status quo of the Vienna System. However, the revolutionary events of 1830 precipitated significant changes. The demise of the Bourbons severed the possibility of allied or partnership relations with Paris for the foreseeable future. Following the deposition of the Romanovs, sanctioned by the Sejm of rebels in January 1831, the Russo-Polish conflict erupted, resulting in the further dissolution of Polish statehood. Consequently, Emperor’s trust in the Polish nobility waned. The first Egyptian crisis of 1833 reignited tensions among European powers, and by 1836,  relations between Petersburg and London teetered on the brink of war for the first time in years. The second Turkish-Egyptian crisis of 1839–1840 once again altered the diplomatical landscape. France, the most ardent supporter of the Poles after 1831, found itself isolated. Austria, as the second Catholic State, aligned itself with Russia. As for Great Britain, the religious policy of London, while supporting the Papal State in Italy, was quite distant from supporting Catholicism in their own territories, especially in Ireland. All these factors created favorable conditions for the reform of 1839.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Россия</kwd><kwd>Франция</kwd><kwd>Великобритания</kwd><kwd>Австрия</kwd><kwd>Пруссия</kwd><kwd>Османская империя</kwd><kwd>восточный вопрос</kwd><kwd>греческий вопрос</kwd><kwd>Царство  Польское</kwd><kwd>Священный Союз</kwd><kwd>Проливы</kwd><kwd>дело «Виксена»</kwd><kwd>Ункяр-Искелеси</kwd><kwd>Лондонские конвенции</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Russia</kwd><kwd>France</kwd><kwd>Great Britain</kwd><kwd>Austria</kwd><kwd>Prussia</kwd><kwd>Ottoman Empire</kwd><kwd>Eastern question</kwd><kwd>Greek issue</kwd><kwd>the Kingdom of Poland</kwd><kwd>Holy Alliance</kwd><kwd>Straits</kwd><kwd>the case of the Vixen</kwd><kwd>Unkiar Skelessi</kwd><kwd>London Conventions</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Автобиография А. О. 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